NCCN Mountain Lakes and Ponds Monitoring Protocol
References
Cole, D.N., and P.B. Landres. 1996. Threats to wilderness ecosystems: impacts and research
needs. Ecological Applications 6:168-184.
Eilers, J.M., C.L. Rose, and T.J. Sullivan. 1994. Status of air quality and effects of atmospheric
pollutants on ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest region of the National Park Service.
Technical Report NPS/NRAQD/NRTR-94/160. National Park Service, Denver CO.
Hoffman, R., T. Tyler, G.L. Larson, M.J. Adams, W. Wente, and S. Galvan. 2005. Sampling
protocol for monitoring abiotic and biotic characteristics of mountain ponds and lakes,
Version 1.0. USGS-BRD, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis
OR.
Knapp, R.A., and K.R. Matthews. 2000. Non-native fish introductions and the decline of the
mountain yellow-legged frog from within protected areas. Conservation Biology 14(2):
428-438.
Knapp, R.A., K.R. Matthews, and O. Sarnelle. 2001. Resistance and resilience of alpine lake
fauna to fish introductions. Ecological Monographs 71:401-421.
Larsen, D.P., P.R. Kaufmann, T.M. Kincaid, and N. S. Urquhart. 2004. Detecting persistent
change in the habitat of salmon-bearing streams in the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. Fish.
Aquat. Sci. 61:283-291.
Larson, G.L., and R. Hoffman. 2002. Abundances of northwestern salamander larvae in
montane lakes with and without fish, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.
Northwest Science 76:35-40.
Liss, W.J., G.L. Larson, T. Tyler, L. Ganio, R. Hoffman, E.A. Deimling, G.A. Lomnicky,
C.D. McIntire, and R. Truitt. 1999. Ecological effects of stocked trout in naturally
fishless high mountain lakes: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, WA,
USA: Phase II Technical Report NPS/CCSSOOSU/NRTR-98/01. USDI NPS, Pacific
Northwest Region, Seattle WA. 133 pp.
Stevens, D.L., Jr., and A.R. Olsen. 1999. Spatially restricted surveys over time for aquatic
resources. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. 4:415-428.
Tyler, T., W.J. Liss, L.M. Ganio, G.L. Larson, R. Hoffman, E.A. Deimling, and G.A. Lomnicky.
1998. Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma
macrodactylum) in high elevation lakes. Conservation Biology 12:94-105.